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In medicine, mechanical ventilation is a method to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous breathing. This may involve a machine called a ventilator or the breathing may be assisted by a registered nurse, physician, physician assistant, respiratory therapist, paramedic, or other suitable person compressing a bag or set of bellows. Mechanical ventilation is termed "invasive" if it involves any instrument penetrating through the mouth (such as an endotracheal tube) or the skin (such as a tracheostomy tube).〔(GN-13: Guidance on the Risk Classification of General Medical Devices ), Revision 1.1. From Health Sciences Authority. May 2014〕 There are two main modes of mechanical ventilation within the two divisions: positive pressure ventilation, where air (or another gas mix) is pushed into the trachea, and negative pressure ventilation, where air is, in essence, sucked into the lungs. ==Medical uses== Mechanical ventilation is indicated when the patient's spontaneous ventilation is inadequate to maintain life. It is also indicated as prophylaxis for imminent collapse of other physiologic functions, or ineffective gas exchange in the lungs. Because mechanical ventilation serves only to provide assistance for breathing and does not cure a disease, the patient's underlying condition should be correctable and should resolve over time. In addition, other factors must be taken into consideration because mechanical ventilation is not without its complications (see below) Common medical indications for use include: * Acute lung injury (including ARDS, trauma) * Apnea with respiratory arrest, including cases from intoxication * Acute severe asthma, requiring intubation * Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) * Acute respiratory acidosis with partial pressure of carbon dioxide (p) > 50 mmHg and pH < 7.25, which may be due to paralysis of the diaphragm due to Guillain-Barré syndrome, myasthenia gravis, motor neuron disease, spinal cord injury, or the effect of anaesthetic and muscle relaxant drugs * Increased work of breathing as evidenced by significant tachypnea, retractions, and other physical signs of respiratory distress * Hypoxemia with arterial partial pressure of oxygen (''Pa'') < 55 mm Hg with supplemental fraction of inspired oxygen (''Fi'') = 1.0 * Hypotension including sepsis, shock, congestive heart failure * Neurological diseases such as muscular dystrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「mechanical ventilation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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